General Eye Checkup

General Eye Checkup

A basic eye exam usually begins with taking a medical history and asking questions about the patient’s general health and past and current eye problems. During the examination, three areas of eye function are assessed: visual acuity and refraction, binocular vision (how the eyes work together), and eye health. Every eye exam uses the Snellen chart to test visual acuity.

During the health assessment, the physician examines the retina the blood vessels of the retina, and the optic nerve head using an ophthalmoscope, a small handheld instrument consisting of a light source and a series of lenses. This examination can help detect signs of many types of diseases. To view the external eye and the more anterior inner eye structures, such as the eyelids, cornea, iris, and lens, a slit lamp microscope is used. For the most thorough look at the internal structures of the eye, the pupils are dilated. Special drops are instilled into the eye that enlarge the pupil and prevent it from constricting when light is shone into the eye during the examination.

Cataract Care Services

What is cataract:

When the lens in your eye becomes cloudy, the light reaching the retina is blurred and distorted and your vision is affected then this clouded lens is called a cataract which must be removed for vision to be restored.
Symptoms :
• Blurring vision.
• Sensitivity to light or glare. Glare from lamps or very bright sunlight; or the appearance of a halo around lights
• Double vision in one eye
• Poor night vision
• Needing brighter light to read
• Experiencing fading or yellowing of colours
• If the cloudiness is not near the center of the lens, you may not be aware that you have a cataract
Risk factors:
.1 Agingleads to cataract in most of the people
2 Medical conditions: Diabetes , glaucoma, and metabolic abnormalities can cause cataract.
3.Trauma : . Sudden injuries , Chemical injuries etc can be lead to cataract
How to diagnose a cataract: These may include: A visual acuity test, to find out how clearly the person can see an object. It involves reading a list of letters from across a room.
• A-scan (Invasive ultrasound biometry): he most common use of the A-scan is to determine eye length for calculation of intraocular lens power
• A slit-lamp examination uses a microscope to inspect the cornea, the iris, the lens, and the space between the iris and the cornea
• Tonometry measures the pressure inside the eye
• A retinal examination is carried out after using eye drops to dilate the pupils
In a retinal examination, dilating the pupils provides a larger window to the back of the eyes. The specialist examines the lens for signs of a cataract, and to see how dense any clouding is.
Treatment :During the early stages, stronger glasses and brighter lights may help improve vision
The best way to remove cataract is only the surgical removal of cataract lens replacing a artificial iol(Cataractsurgery)
Types of cataract surgeries:
Micro Incision Cataract Surgery :  Micro incision cataract surgery (MICS) is an approach to cataract surgery through incision less than 1.8 mm with the purpose of reducing surgical invasiveness improving at the same time surgical outcomes.
Advantages :Micro incision cataract surgery (MICS) is an approach to cataract surgery through incision less than 1.8 mm with the purpose of reducing surgical invasiveness improving at the same time surgical outcomes.
Phacoemulsification : 
Is a modern cataract surgery in which the eye’s internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the anterior chamber.
Advantages:
1)Requires a small incision of 3.2 mm
2) Stitch less surgery
3) Cataract is emulsified and removed using an ultrasonic phacoemulsification probe
4) Foldable IOL is implanted
Multifocal IOLs :  Are popular as they allow correction of vision for both far & near distance at the same time.

Advantage : The patient can enjoy the glass free vision even after surgery